by the law为什么用by

by表示“根据、按照”，by 的用法更倾向于描述动态事物，例如：

1、By the law， you have the right to present and defend.根据法律规定您有陈述和申辩的权利。

2、Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.法律规定禁止近亲结婚。

3、The trade unions are shackled by the law.工会受法律的制约。